Then she was off to the west coast, travelling to Oregon and San Francisco to help organize Offices of Civilian Defense in that area. That evening, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt gave a radio address about the need for Americans to focus on the war effort, trying to calm fears for the future, and calling upon women and young people for their support of the President and the nation’s leaders in the difficult days ahead. On December 8, 1941, the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivered his “Day Of Infamy Speech”. Harmon and Admiral Chester Nimitz pose with the Eleanor Roosevelt in front an Army Air Force C-47 bearing her name during a stop on New Caledonia, September 14, 1943. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.Maj General M.F. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph-so help us God. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.Īs commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.Īnd this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Yesterday, December 7th, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives:
Full Text of FDR's "Day of Infamy" Speech